blog1aree234新聞: 蝙蝠百毒不侵的祕密

2020年7月13日星期一

蝙蝠百毒不侵的祕密

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2020/07/13第354期 | 訂閱/退訂 | 看歷史報份 | LiveABC 官網

本周強推：	蝙蝠百毒不侵的祕密

延伸學習：	我喉嚨不舒服。

英文充電站：	每日一句

活動快遞：	精選套書 2套折$300

The Secret of How Bats Keep Viruses at Bay

You may have heard that bats are to blame for many disease outbreaks in recent years, including COVID-19 and SARS. But how exactly does a disease spread from bat to human? And with so many diseases coming from bats, you would think that bats would be sick all the time. It turns out this isn't the case, and it's likely because of the way that bats' immune systems work.
Bats have very active immune systems to protect their cells from viruses. When a bat's body detects a virus, a protein is released that sends a signal to the bat's cells to keep the virus out. In response, viruses reproduce very quickly to try to get into the cells before this immune reaction triggers. Although the bats don't get sick, these rapidly multiplying viruses can jump to animals with slower immune systems and can quickly cause serious infections.
At the same time, bats are great disease carriers. Bats live in large, crowded colonies—a perfect setting for viruses to spread. In addition, the average bat lives for around 30 years, which is a long time that an infected bat can spread the disease around its environment.

蝙蝠百毒不侵的祕密

你可能聽說過蝙蝠是最近幾年許多疾病爆發的罪魁禍首，包括嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎（COVID-19，簡稱「新冠肺炎」）和嚴重急性呼吸道症候群（SARS）。但疾病究竟是如何從蝙蝠傳染給人類的呢？而有那麼多源自蝙蝠的
疾病，你可能會認為蝙蝠一直都在生病。結果並非如此，這很可能是因為蝙蝠免疫系統的運作方式。蝙蝠有非常活躍的免疫系統來保護細胞免受病毒侵襲。蝙蝠身體偵測到病毒時，會釋放一種蛋白質向細胞發出信號以阻止病毒入侵。病毒會快速繁殖來回應，以設法在免疫反應觸發前進入細胞。雖然蝙蝠不會生病，但這些迅速繁殖的病毒會跳到免疫系統較慢的動物身上，並且可能迅速引發嚴重的傳染病。
然而，蝙蝠是強大的疾病帶原者。蝙蝠大量擁擠地成群生活——這是病毒傳播的理想環境。此外，蝙蝠平均壽命約三十年，這是一段很長的時間，得以讓一隻受感染的蝙蝠將疾病傳播到環境中。

《詳細內文請翻閱NO.231 7月號Live互動英語雜誌》

I have a frog in my throat.
我喉嚨不舒服。

這句話字面意思是「我喉嚨裡面有一隻青蛙」，用來形容喉嚨像被什麼異物卡住而說話困難，通常是因為喉嚨痛或喉嚨乾而聲音沙啞的樣子。其他類似的片語有：

have a lump in one's throat（因情緒影響）喉嚨哽塞、哽咽
stick in sb's throat（因害怕或生氣而）無法說出想說的話
whisk n. 打蛋器、手持攪拌器
另一個表示「說不出話」的說法：
be/get tongue-tied（通常是因緊張而）結巴的、舌頭打結的

A: Hey George, long time no see!
嘿，喬治。好久不見!
B: Hey Katie, it's been too long.
嗨，凱蒂，真的很久不見了。
A: Yeah. Sorry about my voice—I'm getting over a cold, and it feels like I have a frog in my throat every time I try to talk.
是啊。抱歉我聲音怪怪的——我感冒還在恢復中，每次我要說話，喉嚨就卡卡的很不舒服。
B: No worries. Try drinking some honey and lemon in hot water.
不要緊。試著喝一些溫熱的蜂蜜檸檬水。

2020/7/13 (一)		Buildings over 20 stories tall didn't become commonplace until the invention of a safe passenger elevator in 1857. 超過二十層樓高的大樓直到一八五七年發明安全的乘客電梯才開始普及。

2020/7/14 (二)		Even today, cities are building taller and taller skyscrapers in an attempt to lay claim to the world's tallest building. 即使在今天，各城市仍在興建越來越高的摩天大樓，試圖宣稱擁有世界第一高樓。

2020/7/15 (三)		A recent study shows that our tummies get bored if they have too much of the same thing. 近期一項研究顯示，如果我們肚子吃了太多相同的東西，它們會感到索然無味。

2020/7/16 (四)		Every actor's road to fame is different, but Dwayne Johnson's path has been one of the most unique. 每位演員的成名之路都不同，但德威恩• 強森走的路卻是其中最獨特的一條。

2020/7/17 (五)		Even though Johnson never made it as a professional football player, he never forgot his football days at his alma mater. 雖然強森從未成為職業足球選手，卻從未忘記在母校踢足球的日子。


書展回饋限時優惠	精選套書 2套折$300

•筆尖和書桌川普世界觀與台灣
美國前國家安全顧問波頓出書—《密室風雲—白宮回憶錄》，提及川普總統在討論中國及台灣議題時，指著桌上的馬克筆筆尖說：這是台灣，然後指著整張辦公桌說：這是中國。台灣對這事的反應很膝蓋。

•繞彎路比較近？飛機路線大揭密
兩點之間最短的距離是直線，對嗎？不見得！要視我們正在談論的尺度而定。當我們說的是更大的範圍 ── 或許是全球尺度 ── 那麼要在兩點之間移動，地圖上測量到的直線就不見得是最快的路徑了。怎麼會這樣呢？