Too Close to Putin？ Institutions Vet Artists, Uncomfortably. 美國機構切割親普亭的俄裔藝術家

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2022/04/15 第378期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份

紐時周報精選 Too Close to Putin？ Institutions Vet Artists, Uncomfortably. 美國機構切割親普亭的俄裔藝術家 As Refugees Pour In, Moldovans Fear They Also May Need to Flee 摩爾多瓦歡迎烏克蘭難民 也有人準備逃難

Too Close to Putin？ Institutions Vet Artists, Uncomfortably. 美國機構切割親普亭的俄裔藝術家 文/Javier C. Hernández 譯/莊蕙嘉 美國機構切割親普亭的俄裔藝術家 In Canada, an acclaimed 20-year-old Russian pianist's concert was canceled amid concerns about his silence on the invasion of Ukraine. The music director of an orchestra in Toulouse, France — who is also chief conductor at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow — was instructed to clarify his position on the war before his next appearance. In New York, Anna Netrebko, one of opera's biggest stars, saw her reign at the Metropolitan Opera end after she declined to denounce Russian President Vladimir Putin. 在加拿大，一位知名的20歲俄國鋼琴家演奏會被取消，各界關切他對入侵烏克蘭的沉默。身兼莫斯科大劇院首席指揮的法國土魯斯某交響樂團音樂總監，被指示在他下一場演出前，要澄清自己對這場戰爭的立場。在紐約，歌劇界巨星之一涅翠柯拒絕譴責俄國總統普亭之後，她主宰大都會歌劇院的時代終結。 As global condemnation of Russia's attack on Ukraine grows, cultural institutions have moved with surprising speed to put pressure on Russian artists to distance themselves from Putin, a collision of art and politics that is forcing organizations to confront questions about free speech and whether they should be policing artists' views. 全球對俄國攻擊烏克蘭的譴責高漲之際，文化機構也以驚人的速度行動，對俄國藝術家施壓，要他們和普亭切割，這項藝術和政治的衝突，迫使各組織面對關於言論自由的質疑，以及他們是否該審查藝術家的觀點。 Institutions are demanding that artists who have supported Putin in the past issue clear condemnations of him and his invasion as a prerequisite for performing. Others are checking their rosters and poring over social media posts to ensure Russian performers have not made contentious statements about the war. The Polish National Opera has gone so far as to drop a production of Mussorgsky's "Boris Godunov," one of the greatest Russian operas, to express "solidarity with the people of Ukraine." 各機構要求，過去曾支持普亭的藝術家，要針對他和他的入侵行動發表明確譴責，作為演出的先決條件。其他人則檢查名冊並逐一過濾社群媒體發文，確保俄國表演者沒有作出關於戰爭的爭議性說法。波蘭國家歌劇院甚至取消俄國最出色歌劇之一、穆索斯基「波里斯．郭德諾」的製作，以表達「和烏克蘭民眾團結一致」。 The tensions pose a dilemma for cultural institutions and those who support them. Many have long tried to stay above the fray of current events, and have a deep belief in the role the arts can play in bridging divides. Now, arts administrators, who have scant geopolitical expertise, find themselves in the midst of one of the most politically charged issues in recent decades, with little in the way of experience to draw on. 這些緊張顯示出文化機構和支持者的困境，許多人長期以來試著遠離時事爭端，且深信藝術能扮演弭合歧異的角色。如今缺乏地緣政治專業的藝術工作者，發現自己處於數十年來最具政治意味的議題當中，卻缺乏足以處理的經驗。 "We're facing a totally new situation," said Andreas Homoki, artistic director of the Zurich Opera. "Politics was never on our mind like this before." 「我們正面臨一個全新的局面」，蘇黎世歌劇院藝術總監荷穆齊說，「以前我們從未像這樣關注政治」。 Experts warn that the pressure to take a tough stance against Russian artists risks ending decades of cultural exchange. 專家警告，對俄國藝術家採取強硬態度的壓力，會帶來終結數十年文化交流的風險。 "The more we antagonize, the more we cut off, the more we ban, the more we censor and the more we have this xenophobic reaction, the more we play into Putin's hands," said Simon Morrison, a professor of music at Princeton who studies Russia. "We render each side into a crude cartoon." 「我們愈是敵視，我們愈是切斷，我們愈是禁止，我們愈是審查，以及我們愈是採取恐外反應，我們就愈會讓普亭稱心如意」，普林斯頓大學研究俄國的音樂教授莫里森這麼說，「我們把雙方變成了一幅粗野的諷刺漫畫。」 As Refugees Pour In, Moldovans Fear They Also May Need to Flee 摩爾多瓦歡迎烏克蘭難民 也有人準備逃難 文/Patrick Kingsley 譯/陳韋廷 摩爾多瓦歡迎烏克蘭難民 也有人準備逃難 Across Moldova, a small, poor post-Soviet democracy next to Ukraine's southwestern border, Moldovans are watching Russia's advance on nearby Odesa — and packing their bags, just in case. The war has already profoundly affected Moldova: Per capita, it has welcomed more Ukrainian refugees than any other country, and many ordinary Moldovans have housed refugees in their apartments. Now, some Moldovans are wondering if and when they should join a westward exodus that is already Europe's fastest-growing refugee crisis since the end of World War II. 位於烏克蘭西南部邊境的摩爾多瓦，是個蘇聯解體後轉型民主政體的貧窮小國，該國各地民眾目睹俄羅斯向附近的敖德薩前進，並為了預防萬一，正在收拾行囊。這場戰爭已經對摩爾多瓦產生深遠影響；按人均計算，摩爾多瓦接待的烏克蘭難民多於任何國家，許多摩爾多瓦民眾將難民安置在自家公寓裡。現在，一些摩爾多瓦人正考慮是否以及何時應該加入向西遷移的行列。這是二戰結束以來歐洲成長最快的難民危機。 Russia has said nothing about invading Moldova, and Belarus, its close ally, has retracted a map, shown in a briefing last week by the Belarusian president, that was marked with arrows suggesting a planned Russian advance into Moldova. 俄羅斯對入侵摩爾多瓦雖隻字未提，俄國親密盟友白俄羅斯卻撤回總統上周在記者會上展示的一張地圖，地圖上箭頭暗示俄羅斯打算進軍摩爾多瓦。 But the events of the past month in Ukraine, coupled with the weak state of the Moldovan military and the country's turbulent history, have persuaded some Moldovans that anything is possible, and that it is just common sense to be considering an exit strategy. 但過去一個月烏克蘭發生的事情，加上摩爾多瓦軍力嬴弱與該國動盪的歷史，已讓一些摩爾多瓦人認為任何事都可能發生，考慮出走策略是個常識。 A Russian regiment is already stationed on Moldovan soil, in the breakaway, Russian-backed territory of Transnistria, where secessionists took control after a war in 1992. Moldova is closer to the Ukrainian front lines than any other country not itself involved in the war. And Moldova has a long history of being dominated by foreign powers, including the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. 俄羅斯一個軍團已駐紮在摩爾多瓦領土，一片由俄羅斯支持、1992年一場戰爭後被分離主義者控制的德涅斯特河沿岸地區。摩爾多瓦比任何未涉入戰爭的國家都更接近烏克蘭前線，且摩國長期以來一直被外國強權統治，包括鄂圖曼帝國、俄羅斯帝國以及蘇聯。 For many Moldovans, it is easy to imagine the invading Russian armies in Ukraine, currently just 100 miles east of Moldova, advancing westward to Transnistria — or beyond. 對許多摩爾多瓦人來說，很容易想像目前在摩爾多瓦以東僅100英里處、入侵烏克蘭的俄軍向西推進到德涅斯特河沿岸，甚至更遠。 While the Moldovan government and foreign diplomats say there is currently no evidence of Transnistria getting dragged into the war, the mood here is fraught. 雖然摩爾多瓦政府跟外國外交官說，沒有證據指德涅斯特河沿岸地區被捲入戰爭，但這裡的氣氛令人擔憂。 European ambassadors felt obliged Tuesday to release a video proving that they were still in Moldova, amid rumors that they had left en masse. 歐洲各國大使周二覺得有必要公布影片證明自己仍在摩爾多瓦，因為有傳言稱他們已集體離開。 Government records suggest that there has been only a small rise in the net number of Moldovans who have left the country since the start of the war. More than 62,000 Moldovans left between Feb. 24, the first day of the Russian invasion, and Monday, about 22,000 more than during the same period last year. But the number of Moldovans returning to Moldova has also risen, by 17,000, according to data supplied by the Moldovan interior ministry. 紀錄顯示，開戰以來，離開國家的摩爾多瓦人的淨人數只有小幅上升。在2月24日俄羅斯入侵首日到3月8日間，超過6.2萬摩國人離開，比去年同期多出約2.2萬人，但據摩國內政部提供的數據，回摩國人數也增加1.7萬人。

•紐西蘭百年歷史地標 珍妮賽登沈船 Janie Seddon Shipwreck珍妮賽登沈船，是紐西蘭南島北端的Motueka小鎮的知名景點地標。歷史悠久的沈船擱淺在沙岸上，成了鎮上海灣上的獨特亮點，加上獨特的地形及潮汐變化，讓這裡景色變化萬千。推薦選在黃昏日落前來，相信你也會愛上這裡。 •有「癌王」之稱的胰臟癌 患者可能有的三大症狀 胰臟癌有「癌王」之稱，先前不少名人像資深名嘴劉駿耀、演員李麗鳳和巴戈、體育主播傳達仁、男高音之王帕華洛帝等人，都因胰臟癌病逝。為何胰臟癌早期不易被發現？因為胰臟隱身在腸胃道後面，在腹腔深處檢查不易。病患的臨床表現，會依腫瘤長在胰臟不同部位而有不同，以下是胰臟癌患者可能有的三大症狀。

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