The Hermitage Cats of St. Petersburg 博物館尋貓蹤

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2019/01/01 第396期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份∣直接訂閱

本期文章 • The Hermitage Cats of St. Petersburg　博物館尋貓蹤 • Words for Reference • Practical Phrases • Words in Use • More to Learn • Grammar tips • 中文翻譯&標準答案 優惠活動訊息：見訊息

The Hermitage◆ Cats of St. Petersburg　　博物館尋貓蹤 by Bruce E. Bagnell 　　 　 　　The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia, is the second-largest art museum in the world after the Louvre in Paris, France. Both museums house some of the greatest artwork of all time, and both are visited by millions of people annually. One unusual difference between them, though, is that the Hermitage holds not only artistic treasures◆ but a collection of living history as well. 　　The Hermitage was built in the mid-18th century as part of the royal Russian family’s Winter Palace complex. Empress◆ Elizabeth had cats brought in to rid the several palace buildings of mice and rats. The cats did their job well and were given homes in the basements◆ of the buildings and the title of Hermitage cats. 　　The 74 Hermitage cats that live at the museum now are among the most pampered cats in the world, and that is saying a great deal. A press secretary is in charge of the feline◆ brood◆, with three full-time volunteer caretakers attending to the cats’ every need. There are even kitchens for preparing meals for the cats because they all have different preferences. The cats can roam around outside or lounge around the sunlit◆ courtyards during the summer. Since generations of cats have lived at the Hermitage, there is even a cat graveyard◆. 　　This may all seem over the top, but Russian and foreign visitors alike love seeing the Hermitage cats while admiring some of the world’s greatest artistic treasures within the majestic royal architecture◆ of the State Hermitage Museum itself. Thanks to Empress Elizabeth, the Hermitage cats have a lasting legacy of their own. 1. How did cats begin to inhabit the buildings of the Russian royal family’s Winter Palace? (A) The cats were borrowed from the Louvre Museum in Paris. (B) The French royal family gave the Russian royal family a gift of cats. (C) A Russian royal ordered that cats be brought into the Winter Palace. (D) Artists and visitors to the Hermitage Museum donated the cats. 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? (A) The Hermitage Museum was built after the Louvre Museum. (B) The Louvre Museum was built after the Hermitage Museum. (C) The Hermitage Museum is larger than the Louvre Museum. (D) The Louvre Museum is larger than the Hermitage Museum. 3. Why is the phrase “that is saying a great deal” used in the third paragraph? (A) To emphasize how pampered the Hermitage cats are. (B) To point out that cats are a popular pet. (C) To let readers know more information about cats. (D) To advise readers not to pamper their pet cats. 4. What is mentioned about the architecture of the Winter Palace? (A) It has a few buildings in it. (B) It needs to be restored to its original beauty. (C) It uses a style that is popular all over Russia. (D) It was designed especially for cats.   ◆ hermitage n. 隱居處 ◆ artwork n. 藝術品 ◆ treasure n. 寶藏 ◆ empress n. 女皇；皇后 ◆ basement n. 地下室 ◆ feline n. 貓科動物 & a. 貓科的 ◆ brood n. 一窩幼崽 ◆ sunlit a. 太陽照射的 ◆ graveyard n. 墓地 ◆ architecture n. 建築風格 1. a collection of...　　……的收藏 •Bill showed us a very fine collection of old coins. 　比爾向我們展示了非常珍貴的古硬幣收藏。 2. be in charge of...　　負責／掌管…… = take charge of... •Ed will be in charge of the new project. 　艾德將負責這項新專案。 3. attend to sb/sth　　處理某事／照顧某人 •Doctor Li is busy attending to her patients. 　李醫師正忙著照顧她的病患。 4. be over the top　　過度，過頭 •I thought Molly saying she was born to be a model was over the top. 　我覺得茉莉說她天生就是吃模特兒這行飯的實在是太誇張了。 5. ... of one’s own　　屬於自己的…… •Believe it or not, that guy has a plane of his own. 　信不信由你，那傢伙有一架私人飛機。 1. artistic a. 藝術的 •Both of the sisters are very artistic, though they are completely opposite in style. 　這對姊妹都很有藝術天分，但她們的風格截然不同。 2. complex n. 綜合設施 & a. 複雜的 •This shopping complex consists of a department store and two big malls. 　這個購物區有一家百貨公司及兩個大賣場。 •The mathematician invented a complex number system. 　那位數學家發明了一套複雜的數字系統。 3. rid vt. 使擺脫（三態同形） 　rid A of B　　使 A 擺脫 B 　get rid of...　　擺脫／戒除……（此用法中，rid 為過去分詞） •John finally rid himself of that old car and bought a new one. 　約翰終於甩掉他那輛舊車而買了部新的。 •You have to get rid of that attitude or you’ll lose all your friends. 　你得改掉那種態度，否則你會失去所有朋友。 4. pamper vt. 寵溺（本文為過去分詞作形容詞用） •My dad pampers my mom by massaging her feet every evening. 　我爸很寵我媽，他每晚都幫她按摩腿部。 5. preference n. 偏好 　have a preference for...　　對……有偏好 •Many of my friends enjoy dancing, but I have a preference for singing. 　我有許多朋友喜歡跳舞，但我偏好唱歌。 6. roam vi. 漫步；漫遊 •Sarah roamed around the bookstore while waiting for her friend. 　莎拉等朋友時在書店裡閒晃。 7. lounge vi.（懶洋洋地）躺；閒晃 •On Sundays, Jean loves to lounge around the house all day. 　每個星期日，小琴喜歡整天在屋內晃來晃去。 8. majestic a. 雄偉的；威嚴的 •We stood in awe before the majestic Westminster Abbey. 　我們心懷敬畏地站在雄偉的西敏寺前。 9. legacy n. 遺產；留給後代的東西 •Jonathan Swift left behind a legacy of 18th-century political and religious literature. 　喬納森•斯威夫特留給後人十八世紀的政治和宗教文學。 10. emphasize vt. 強調；重視 •Doctors constantly emphasize the importance of a balanced diet. 　醫生不斷強調均衡飲食的重要性。 11. restore vt. 重建，恢復 •This area needs to be restored after being destroyed by the typhoon. 　這個地區在受到颱風摧毀後急需重建。 inhabit vt. 居住於 •No living creature can inhabit that wasteland. 　沒有生物能居住在那片荒原上。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 以下介紹其他表「居住」的字詞： a. populate vt. 居住於 •Around six billion people populate this planet. 　約有六十億人口居住在這個星球上。 b. reside vi. 居住 •The eagle resides in the mountains where humans rarely visit. 　老鷹棲息於人煙稀少的山上。 c. dwell vi. 居住 •Several thousand people dwell in that small town. 　有好幾千人居住在那座小鎮裡。 d. live vi. 居住 •Roy had numerous bitter experiences when he lived in that area. 　羅伊住在那個地區時有許多慘痛的經驗。 以下介紹表「移居；遷徙」的字詞： a. immigrate vi.（從外）移入 •Mr. Chen immigrated to the US with his family in 1975 and now runs a successful chain of restaurants. 　陳先生在 1975 年和家人移民到美國，如今經營著一家相當成功的連鎖餐館。 b. emigrate vi.（往外）移居 •If the situation doesn’t improve in this country, I’ll think about emigrating to New Zealand. 　假如這個國家的情形再不改善的話，我會考慮移民到紐西蘭。 c. migrate vi. 遷徙 •When do the birds in this area begin to migrate? 　這地區的鳥何時會開始遷徙？ Empress Elizabeth had cats brought in to rid the several palace buildings of mice and rats. 使役動詞 have 的用法 ※have 當使役動詞時，有下列三種句型： a. have + 受詞 + 過去分詞 = get + 受詞 + 過去分詞 把……（被）……（通常指請他人代勞） 　•I had my computer fixed. 　我請人把我的電腦修理好了。 b. have + 受詞（通常為人）+ 原形動詞 = make + 受詞 + 原形動詞 = get + 受詞 + to + 原形動詞 叫（某人）做…… 　•I will have David wash my car. 　我會叫大衛去洗我的車。 c. have + 受詞 + V-ing 使／讓……一直（做）……（強調動作自然發生或持續進行） 　•I don’t like to have Ian standing over there watching us. 　我不喜歡伊恩一直站在那裡看著我們。 博物館尋貓蹤 　　 　　　位於俄羅斯聖彼得堡的艾米塔吉博物館是世上第二大的藝術博物館，僅次於法國巴黎的羅浮宮。這兩座博物館都收藏了一些有史以來最偉大的藝術作品，且每年都有數百萬人前來參觀。不過，它們之間有個特別的不同之處：艾米塔吉博物館不只收藏藝術珍寶，它還收藏了活生生的歷史。 　　艾米塔吉博物館建於十八世紀中，是俄國皇室冬宮建築群的一部分。伊莉莎白女皇下令要引進貓以驅趕數座宮殿建築裡的老鼠。這些貓非常盡責，牠們被安置在建築物地下室的家，並被授予艾米塔吉貓的頭銜。 　　目前住在博物館裡的七十四隻艾米塔吉貓是世界上最受寵愛的貓，而這說明了一切。一位新聞祕書負責照顧幼貓，還有三名全職志工照護者來處理貓咪的各項需求。甚至還有為這些貓準備餐點的廚房，因為牠們各有不同偏好。這些貓可以在外遊蕩，或是在夏季時悠閒地躺在有陽光照射的庭院裡。由於有數個世代的貓都曾住在艾米塔吉博物館，那裡甚至還有個貓墓園。 　　這或許看似有點過頭，但俄羅斯和外國訪客都愛在這座具有雄偉皇室建築風格的艾米塔吉博物館裡欣賞一些世界最偉大藝術珍品的同時，也來探視這些艾米塔吉貓。多虧了伊莉莎白女皇，這些艾米塔吉貓留下了屬於自己的永恆遺產。 1. 貓咪是如何開始住在俄國皇室的冬宮？ (A) 這些貓是從巴黎羅浮宮借來的。 (B) 法國皇室家族將這些貓作為禮物贈與俄羅斯皇室家族。 (C) 一名俄國皇室成員下令將這些貓帶進冬宮。 (D) 來參訪艾米塔吉博物館的藝術家和訪客捐贈了這些貓。 2. 根據本文，下列敘述何者正確？ (A) 艾米塔吉博物館建於羅浮宮之後。 (B) 羅浮宮建於艾米塔吉博物館之後。 (C) 艾米塔吉博物館比羅浮宮還大。 (D) 羅浮宮比艾米塔吉博物館還大。 3. 為何第三段要使用片語 “that is saying a great deal”？ (A) 強調艾米塔吉貓有多受寵愛。 (B) 指出貓咪是受歡迎的寵物。 (C) 讓讀者知道更多有關貓的資訊。 (D) 建議讀者不要寵溺他們的寵物貓。 4. 有關冬宮的建築，本文提及了哪一點？ (A) 裡頭有數棟建築物。 (B) 它需要整修以回復原本的美麗。 (C) 它使用了在全俄羅斯廣受歡迎的風格。 (D) 它是專為貓咪而設計的。 答案：1. 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